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Guilt society
In cultural anthropology, a guilt society, or guilt culture, is the concept that the primary method of social control in a given society is the inculcation of feelings of guilt for behaviors that the individual believes to be undesirable. It is possible to classify societies, specifically apollonian ones, according to the emotions they use to control individuals, swaying them into norm obedience and conformity. According to this classification, a guilt culture is an alternative to a shame culture.〔Silver, Alan (''Jews, Myth and History: A Critical Exploration of Contemporary Jewish Belief '' ) p.161〕 Shame cultures are typically based on the concepts of pride and honour,〔Lloyd-Jones, Hugh (1983) (''The Justice of Zeus'' )〕 and appearances are what counts, as opposed to individual conscience in guilt cultures.〔 The distinction was first coined by E. R. Dodds in ''The Greeks and the Irrational'' (1951).〔E. R. Dodds (2004) () (''The Greeks and the Irrational'' )〕
Anglo-Saxon England is particularly notable as a shame culture, and this trait survived even after its conversion to Christianity, which is typically a guilt culture.〔Robert E. Bjork, John D. Niles (1998) (''A Beowulf Handbook'' ) p.285 quotation: 〕 Other example of shame culture under Christianity are the cultures of Mexico,〔De Mente, Boye Lafayette (1996) (''There's a Word for It in Mexico'' ) pp.79-80〕 Andalusia〔 and generally Christian Mediterranean societies.〔Satlow, Michael L. (1995) (''Tasting the dish: rabbinic rhetorics of sexuality'' ) p.142〕〔Odd Magne Bakke (2001) (''"Concord and Peace"'' ) p.305〕
==Origin of term==
The distinction between shame and guilt as methods of social control has long been recognized. The terms were popularized by Ruth Benedict in ''The Chrysanthemum and the Sword'', who described American culture as a "guilt culture" and Japanese culture as a "shame culture".〔Ezra F. Vogel, Foreword, The Chrysanthemum and the Sword (Boston: Houghton Mifflin 1989)〕〔Ying and Wong. "Cultural Models of Shame and Guilt". ''Cultural Influences''.〕
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